Europe Information

While the United States is more similar to Europe than any other place in the world, they of course do some things differently than we do in America. That is why it is important to have some knowledge of the most common differences. The ability to convert and comprehend that information, while traveling in Europe, will only aid your traveling experience. In addition to the data listed below you will find pages about the:

 In the US we use the fahrenheit scale to measure temperature but, in Europe they use the celsius scale. The following table converts Celsius to Fahrenheit.

Celsius	–18º	-10º	-5º	0º	5º	10º	20º	25º	30º	35º
Fahrenheit	0º	14º	23º	32º	41º	50º	59º	77	86º	95º

Metric to Imperial

• 1 Centimeter = 0.393700787 Inches
• 1 Meter = 3.2808399 Feet
• 1 Kilometer = 1.0936133 Yards
• 1 Gram = 0.0352739619 Ounce
• 1 Kilogram = 35.2739619 Ounces / 2.20462262 Pounds
• 1 Litre = 35.2739619 Fluid Ounces

Imperial conversion to Metric

• 1 Inch = 2.54 Centimeters
• 1 Foot = 30.48000000012192 Centimeters
• 1 Yard = 0.9144 Meters
• 1 Mile = 1.609344 Kilometers
• 1 Ounce = 28.3495231 Grams
• 1 Pound = 0.45359237 Kilogram
• 1 Pint = 0.473176473 Liter
• 1 Quart = 0.946352946 Litre
• 1 Gallon = 3.7854118 Liters

When shopping for clothes and shoes in Europe you will find those sizes vary in the UK and continental Europe from US sizes. For a conversion table of sizes on our ➾ Shopping page.

Letters…

It is one challenge to read and pronounce another language using the latin alphabet it is another thing when using a different alphabet. Several countries use different alphabets and will be almost impossible for the average person to decipher. Greece uses the Greek alphabet while Belarus, Bulgaria, Macedonia, Russia, Ukraine use the Cyrillic. Bosnia Hercegovina, Croatia, Montenegro and Serbia use both the Latin and Cyrillic. All other European countries use the latin alphabet.

Latin

A a	B b	C c	D d	E e	F f	G g	H h	I i
J j	K k	L l	M m	N n	O o	P p	Q q	R R
S s	T t	U u	V v	W w	X x	Y y	Z z

Greek

Α α	Β β	Γ γ	Δ δ	Ε ε	Ζ ζ	Η η	Θ θ
Ι ι	Ν ν	Κ κ	Λ λ	Μ μ	Ξ ξ	Ο ο	Ρ ρ
Σ σ	Τ τ	Υ υ	Φ φ	Χ χ	Ψ ψ	Ω ω

Cyrillic

А а	Б б	В в	Г г	Д д	Е е	Ё ё	Ж ж
З з	И и	Й й	К к	Л л	М м	Н н	О о
П п	Р р	С с	Т т	У у	Х х	Ц ч	Ш ш
Щ щ	Б ъ	Ь ь	Э э	Ю ю	Я я

Most European countries use the latin alphabet and use all 26 letters as used in the US. However, several countries have extended their alphabets with ligatures, modified letters or digraphs.

Acute	Á á	Ć ć	É é	Í í	Ĺ ĺ	Ó ó	Ú ú	Ý ý
Ash	Æ æ
Breve	Ă ă	Ğ ğ
Caron	Č č		Ě ě	Ň	Ř ř	Š š	Ť ť	Ž ž
Caudata	Ą ą	Ę  ę	Į į	Ų ų
Cedilla	Ç ç	Ģ ģ	Ļ  ļ	Ņ ņ	Ş ş	Ț ț	Ž ž
Circumflex	 â	Ê ê	Î î	Ô ô	Û û
Dot	Ė  ė	Ġ ġ	İ  i
Double Acute	Ő ő
Eszett	ß
Eth	Ð ð
Grave	À à	È è	Ì ì	Ò ò	Ù ù
Macron	Ā ā	Ē ē	Ī ī	Ō ō	Ū ū
O & E ligature	Œ œ
Ogonek	Ą ą	Į  į
Ring	Å å	Ů ů			Ů ů
Slash	Ø ø
Stroke	Đ đ	Ħ ħ	Ł ł
Thorn	Þ  þ
Tilde	à ã	Ñ ñ
Umlaut	Ä ä	Ë ë	Ï ï	Ö ö	Ü ü	Ÿ ÿ

Reading Numbers in Europe…Some numerals are written a little little differently to the way they are written in the U.S. Watch closely for these on price tags and receipts. Ones are written with little upswing before they come straight down and can be confused with the way we write 7’s. They draw a line through the middle of their 7’s setting them apart from their 1’s. 4’s can be written like a lighting bolt otherwise, most numerals appear much like they do in the U.S.

As we said to be in Europe is to be in another country in which they will label, say and do things differently from the US. You can find it very helpful to gain a little understanding  on some common everyday uses.

Floor Levels on multiple storied buildings are labeled slightly different. While the ground floor is always the main floor the one above in Europe is the 1st floor, not the second floor as we called it here. This will be good for you to know so you can remember what floor your hotel room is on.

Europe	United States
Ground or Main floor	1st floor or Main floor
1st Floor	2nd Floor
2nd Floor	3rd Floor
3rd Floor	4th Floor

ISO Country Codes are internationally recognized codes for each country. Depending on the situation they can be a Alpha 2 or 3 letter code or a numerical code.

Two letter suffixes like (.fr for France or .de for Germany) are used in top levels domains. Three letter codes are usually used in international events like sports, contests, etc.

 The numerical code is the United Nations M49 for identification of countries, dependencies and other areas.

Country	2 code	3 code	# code
🇪🇺 European Union	EU	EUE	150
🇦🇱 Albania	AL	ALB	008
🇦🇩 Andorra	AD	AND	020
🇦🇹 Austria	AT	AUT	040
🇧🇾 Belarus	BY	BLR	112
🇧🇪 Belgium	BE	BEL	056
🇧🇦 Bosnia Herzegovina	BA	BIH	070
🇧🇬 Bulgaria	BG	BGR	100
🇭🇷 Croatia	HR	HRV	191
🇨🇾 Cyprus	CY	CYP	196
🇨🇿 Czechia	CZ	CZE	203
🇩🇰 Denmark	DK	DNK	208
🇪🇪 Estonia	EE	EST	233
🇫🇴 Faroe Islands	FO	FRO	234
🇫🇮 Finland	FI	FIN	246
🇫🇷 France	FR	FRA	250
🇩🇪 Germany	DE	DEU	276
🇬🇮 Gibraltar	GI	GIB	292
🇬🇷 Greece	GR	GRC	300
🇬🇬 Guernsey	GG	GGY	831
🇻🇦 Holy See	VA	VAT	336
🇭🇺 Hungary	HU	HUN	348
🇮🇸 Iceland	IS	ISL	352
🇮🇪 Ireland	IE	IRL	372
🇮🇲 Isle of Man	IM	IMN	833
🇮🇹 Italy	IT	ITA	380
🇯🇪 Jersey	JE	JEY	832
🇱🇻 Latvia	LV	LVA	428
🇱🇮 Liechtenstein	LI	LIE	438
🇱🇹 Lithuania	LT	LTU	440
🇱🇺 Luxembourg	LU	LUX	442
🇲🇹 Malta	MT	MLT	470
🇲🇩 Moldova	MD	MDA	498
🇲🇨 Monaco	MC	MCO	492
🇲🇪 Montenegro	ME	MNE	499
🇳🇱 Netherlands	NL	NLD	528
🇲🇰 North Macedonia	MK	MKD	807
🇳🇴 Norway	NO	NOR	578
🇵🇱 Poland	PL	POL	616
🇵🇹 Portugal	PT	PRT	630
🇷🇴 Romania	RO	ROU	642
🇷🇺 Russia	RU	RUS	643
🇸🇲 San Marino	SM	SMR	666
🇷🇸 Serbia	RS	SRB	688
🇸🇰 Slovakia	SK	SVK	703
🇸🇮 Slovenia	SI	SVN	705
🇪🇸 Spain	ES	ESP	724
🇳🇴 Svalbard & Jan Mayen	SJ	SJM	744
🇸🇪 Sweden	SE	SWE	752
🇨🇭 Switzerland	CH	CHE	756
🇹🇷 Turkey	TR	TUR	792
🇺🇦 Ukraine	UA	UKR	804
🇬🇧 United Kingdom	GB	GBR	826

Local Names… of Countries and Cities in their language will vary from our pronunciation and spelling. Listed are names with our English version as opposed to the local version.

Countries

Albania is Shqipëri Andorra is Andorre (French) Austria is Österreich Belarus is Беларусь Belgium is Belgique ( French) België (Dutch) Belgien (German) Bosnia & Hercegovina is Bosna i Hercegovina Bulgaria is България Croatia is Hrvatska Cyprus is Κύπρος (Greek) Czechia is Česko Denmark is Danmark Estonia is Eesti Finland is Suomi France is Francia (Corsican) Germany is Deutschland (German) Dútslân (Frisian) Greece is Ελλάδα Hungary is Magyarország Iceland is Ísland Ireland is Éireann Italy is Italia Latvia is Latvija Lithuania is Lietuva

Luxembourg is  Lëtzebuerg (Luxembourgish) Macedonia is Македонија Montenegro is Crna Gora Netherlands is Nederland (Dutch) Nederlân (Frisian) Norway is Norge Poland is Polska Romania is România Russia is Россия Serbia is Србија Slovakia is Slovensko Slovenia is Slovenija Spain is  España (Spanish) Espainiako (Basque) Espanya (Catalan) Sweden is Sverige Switzerland is Schwiez (German) Suisse (French) Svizzera (Italian) Turkey is Türkiye Ukriane is Україна Scotland is Alba (Gaelic) Wales is Cymru Vatican City is  Città del Vaticano (Italian)

Cities

Alicante is Alacant Antwerp is Antwerpen Athens is Athena Auschwitz is Owieçim Basel is Bâle Belfast is Béal Feirste Belgrade is Beograd Bruges is Brugge Brussels is Bruxelles Bucharest is București Cardiff is Caerdydd Cologne is Köln Copenhagen is København Corfu is Kérkyra Corinth is Kórinthos Cork is Coraigh Hanover is Hannover Dublin is Baile Ath Cliath Dunkirk is Dunkerque Florence is Firenze Galway is Gaillimh Geneva is Genéve Genoa is Genova Ghent is Gent

Gothenburg is Göteborg Heraklion is Iráklio Killarney is Cill Airnie Kilkenny is Cill Chainnigh Lisbon is Lisboa Lucerne is Luzern Milan is Milano Munich is MünchenNaples is Napoli Nuremberg is Nürnberg Patras is Pátra Pilsen is Plzen Pireaus is Píreás Prague is Praha Porto is Oporto Rome is Roma Seville is Sevilla Sofia is Sofiya The Hague is Den Haag Turin is Torino Vienna is Wien Venice is Venezia Warsaw is Warszawa Ypres is leper Zurich is Zürich

Variable Word Definitions…

Even when you converse with English speakers you will find they can use different nouns or verbs to describe the same object or action. While we may use multiple words to describe things in the States, there may be only the single use in some areas of Europe. Here are but a few for your traveling terms. 

• An Apartment  is a FLAT
• A Beltway or By Pass Road is the RING ROAD
• A Cafeteria is a CANTEEN 
• Cell Phones are called MOBILE PHONES
• A Collect Call is a REVERSE CHARGE
• A Cookie is a BISCUIT
• When asking for Discounts say Concessions
• Elevators are typically called LIFTS
• Faucet is a TAP
• French Fries are CHIPS (in the UK) and Frites elsewhere
• Gasoline is PETROL
• Garbage is TRASH
• Over Pass on a road is a FLYOVER
• Parking Lot is a CAR PARK 
• To Pass in traffic is to OVERTAKE
• A Pharmacists  is a CHEMIST
• To Pick Up somebody is to COLLECT
• Potato Chips are CRISPS
• To Rent something like a car is to HIRE
• Round Trip Ticket or Journey is a RETURN TICKET or RETURN JOURNEY
• A taxi or car Ride is to get a LIFT
• Sidewalk is a FOOTPATH
• Silverwareis CUTLERY
• Sneakers are TRAINERS
• Socceris FOOTBALL
• Stores are SHOPS
• Suspenders for pants are BRACES
• To Go as food TO TAKE or TAKE AWAY
• Restrooms are TOILETS
• A Truck can be a LORRY
• The Trunk of a car is a BOOT
• A Vacation is a HOLIDAY